Best IAS Preparation Tips

Best IAS Preparation Tips 

IAS exam is the most reputed or difficult exam in India. IAS  which means The Indian Administrative Service is a vocation that can not be contrasted with different employments or administrations. The post of an IAS officer is a respect, and subsequently it is pined for by numerous. Along these lines, these are a couple of tips that may help a man in clearing IAS examinations: 

Exam Preparation Tips for IAS

Take It Seriously
The most important part of this exam is ,to it it seriously . If we do any work with our serious efforts , we will successes definitely. We trust that we must ponder 10 hours or more, consistently. Be that as it may, for wanted outcomes, that a man should simply to walk the shrewd way which could mean perusing specifically yet perusing admirably, perusing many books specifically, blending books and notes, making short notes, learning time administration, taking fake tests and so on.

Begin early
After choosing to show up in the exam, arrangements for the same should begin early. To get a thought regarding the sort of inquiries being solicited, explained papers from past years ought to be alluded to. It is additionally important to be refreshed in all fields, for example History, Economy, Polity, and so on and getting the best books for the same.

Daily work
 This is the most difficult exam so we should do our work daily. A man needs to build up some sort of schedule, which would help him to center for extend periods of time and cover the whole syllabus inside the time accessible. A standard graph likewise helps in building up a concentrated approach for Mains and additionally in planning for most scoring parts of IAS Prelims syllabus early.

Each Subject should be studied
With many subjects to get readied for, understudies regularly submit the mix-up of endeavoring to set up at the same time. What they really need to do is stop this multi-entrusting and pick one subject at any given moment. Multi-entrusting may prompt perplexity, loss of fixation and lower yield. It is likewise imperative to not to allude to a larger number of books than are totally required.

Unit test
Keep in mind the school days when the instructor used to have unit tests in each 15 days with a specific end goal to set us up for the last test of the years? We have to assess ourselves similarly, by taking our own particular ridicule tests subsequent to finishing a specific area in a point; with a specific end goal to set ourselves up for the last fight.

Short and handy notes
Making short notes has dependably been a shrewd approach to examine and has dependably helped in amending rapidly. These notes can be as blaze cards or miniaturized scale notes on subjects like current undertakings, GK, and additionally different GS and discretionary themes.

Read with hard work
The more an understudy peruses for his IAS, the more it will be helpful for him. Perusing a ton is the way to score. The understudies should make it a propensity for perusing daily papers, the most recent financial review, all NCERT reading material and great supplementary books for IAS accessible.

The correct guidance
Keeping in mind the end goal to spare important time and endeavors, understudies should look for quality direction from the best training establishment accessible. These foundations give training in all subjects of the IAS exam. To know which books to peruse, training to join and what system to receive for IAS readiness, IAS toppers, kindred hopefuls and the individuals who have achieved the meeting stage ought to be drawn nearer to.

Set and kick the Goal
In conclusion, the understudy ought to dependably put stock in himself, be sufficiently sure and endeavor to supplicate and contemplate to look for endowments from the god-like. He ought to have a fabulous time while getting ready for IAS and seek after outcomes to be productive.

SECTORS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

SECTORS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

There are many activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Take, for example, the cultivation of Cotton. It takes place within a crop season. For the growth of the Cotton plant, we depend mainly, but not entirely, on natural factors like rainfall, sunshine and climate. The product of this activity, Cotton, is a natural product.

 Primary sector - Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related primary sector.

Secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. The product is not produced by nature but has to be made and therefore some process of manufacturing is essential. This could be in a factory, a workshop or at home. For example, using cotton fibre from the plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth. Since this sector gradually became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called as industrial sector.

Tertiary Sector - These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. At times, it may be necessary to store these in godowns. We also may need to talk to others over telephone or send letters (communication) or borrow money from banks (banking) to help production and trade. Transport storage communication banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities Since activities generate services rather than goods the tertiary sector is also called the service sector. Service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods. For example, we require teachers, doctors, and those who provide personal services such as washermen, barbers, cobblers, lawyers, and people to do administrative and accounting works. In recent times, certain new services based on information technology such as internet cafe, ATM booths, call centres, software companies etc have become important.

Introduction About Different Sectors

The various production activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors produce a very large number of goods and services. Also, the three sectors have a large number of people working in them to produce these goods and services. The next step, therefore, is to see how much goods and services are produced and how many people work in each sector. In an economy there could be one or more sectors which are dominant in terms of total production and employment, while other sectors are relatively small in size. How do we count the various goods and services and know the total production in each sector? With so many thousands of goods and services produced, you might think this is an impossible task! To get around this problem, economists suggest that the values of goods and services should be used rather than adding up the actual numbers. For example, if 10,000 kgs of wheat is sold at Rs 8 per kg, the value of wheat will be Rs 80,000. The value of 5000 coconuts at Rs 10 per piece will be Rs 50,000. Similarly, the value of goods and services in the three sectors are calculated, and then added up.

Not every good (or service) that is produced and sold needs to be counted. It makes sense only to include the final goods and services. Take, for instance, a farmer who sells wheat to a flour mill for Rs 8 per kg. The mill grinds the wheat and sells the flour to a biscuit company for Rs 10 per kg.

PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY SECTORS IN INDIA

Rising Importance of the Tertiary Sector in Production Over the thirty years between 1973 and 2003, while production in all the three sectors has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2003, the tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector. Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India? There could be several reasons. First, in any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. Are required. These can be considered as basic services. In a developing country the government has to take responsibility for the provision of these services. Second, the development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage and the like, as we have already seen. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors, more would be the demand for such services. Third, as income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc. You can see this change quite sharply in cities, especially in big cities. Fourth, over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential. Theproduction of these services has been rising rapidly.  

ORGANISED AND UNORGANISED SECTORS

Let us examine another way of classifying activities in the economy. This looks at the way people are employed. What are their conditions of work? Are there any rules and regulations that are followed as regards their employment Kanta works in the organised sector. Organised sector covers  those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops and Establishments Act etc. It is called organised because it has some formal processes and procedures. Some of these people may not be mployed by anyone but may work on their own but they too have to register themselves with the  government and follow the rules and regulations. Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer They also get several other benefits from the employers. What are these benefits? They get paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity etc. They are supposed to get medical benefits and, under the laws, the factory manager facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment. When they retire, these

workers get pensions as well. In contrast, Kamal works in the unorganised sector. The unorgariised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are lowpaid and often not regular. There is no provision of overtime, paid leave, holidays,

leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes a large number of people who are employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work. Similarly, farmers work on their own and hire labourers as and when they require.

SECTORS ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS

Another way of classifying economic activities into sectors could be on the basis of who owns assets and is responsible for the delivery of services. In the public sector, the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services. In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies. Railways or post office is an example of the public sector whereas companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO) or Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) are privately owned. Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits. To get such services we have to pay money to these

individuals and companies. The purpose of the public sector is not just to earn profits. Governments raise money through taxes and other ways to meet expenses on the services rendered by it. Modern day governments spend on a whole range of activities. What are these activities? Why do governments spend on such activities? Let’s find out. There are several things needed by the society as a whole but which the private sector will not provide at a reasonable cost. Why? Some of these need spending large sums of money, which is beyond the capacity

of the private sector. Also, collecting money from thousands of people who use these facilities is not easy. Even if they do provide these things they would charge a high rate for their use.  Examples are construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity, providing irrigation through dams etc. Thus, governments have to undertake such heavy spending and ensure that these facilities are available for everyone. There are some activities, which the government has to support. The private sector may not continue their production or business unless government encourages it. For example, selling electricity at the cost of generation may push up the costs of production of industries. Many units, especially small-scale units, might  have to shut down. Government here steps in by producing and supplying electricity at rates

which these industries can afford. Government has to bear part of the cost. Similarly, the government in India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a ‘fair price’. This it stores in its god owns and sells at a lower price to consumers through ration shops. The government has to bear some of the cost. In this way, the government supports both farmers and consumers. There are a large number of activities which are the primary responsibility of the government. The government must spend on these. Providing health and education facilities for all is one example. Running proper schools and providing quality education, particularly elementary education, is the duty of the government. India’s size of illiterate population is one of the largest in the world.

Similarly, we know that nearly half of India’s children are malnourished and a quarter of them are critically ill. The infant

mortality rate of Orissa (87) or Madhya Pradesh (85) is higher than that of the poorest regions of the world such as the African countries. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human development such as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition, It is also the duty of the government to take care of the poorest and most ignored regions of the country through increased spending in such areas.

Some Endangered Species In The World

Some Endangered Species In The World:-

Continents/Ocean			Endangered Species
1	Africa	African Elephant, Aye-Aye,Medagasker, Black Rhino, Lemur, Ostrich
2	Asia	Arabian Gazelle, Asian Elephant, Giant panda, Snow leopard
3	Australia	Kangaroo, Wombat, Nail-tailed wallaby
4	Europe	Imperial Eagle, Spanix Lynx
5	North America	Black footed Ferret, California Condor, Florida Panther, Spotted Owl
6	South America	Black Lion, Chinchilla, Tamarin
7	Atlantic  Ocean	Blue Whale, Humpblack whale, Ridley Turtle

Animal Conservation Projects

Animal Conservation Projects

1      ⏩  Tiger Conservation Project:-
       This project was started by Govt. of India in 1973, when Mrs Indira Gandhi was our Prime Minister. Its main motto was to conserve the tigers and to increase the reducing number of tigers.

In 2014, there were 45 tiger reserve spots. From them Manas tiger reserve was included in world heritage sites by UNESCO. According to a survey, in 1900 there were  40000 thousand tigers in India which was reduced to 1700 in 2011 and 2226 in 2014.

Important Tiger Reserves Of India:-

S.R.	Tiger Coservation Area	year	Area
1	Achnakamar (Chhatishgarh)	2009	557.55
2	Annamalai (Tamilnadu)	2008-09	958.0
3	Bandhavgarh (MP)	1993-94	717.0
4	Bandipur (Karnatka)	1973-74	872.24
5	Bhadra (Karnatka)	1998-99	257.26
6	B R hills (Karnatka)	1999-2000	185.00
7	Buksha (WB)	1982-83	390.58
8	Corbet J. (Uttrakhand)	1973-74	821.99
9	Dampa (Mizoram)	1994-95	492.46
10	Dandoli-Ansi (Karnatka)	2007-08	340.00
11	Dudhva (Asam)	1987-88	1093.79
12	Indravati (Chhatishgarh)	1982-83	1258.37
13	Kalakad – Mundanthrai (Tamilnadu)	1988-89	895.00
14	Kanha (MP)	1973-74	917.43
15	Kawal (Andhra Pradesh)	1989-90	351.00
16	Kaziranga (Asam)	2008-09	625.58
17	Manas (Asam)	1973-74	840.04
18	Melghat (MP)	1973-74	1500.00
19	Mundamalai (Tamilnadu)	2008-09	321.00
20	Mukand Parvat (Rajasthan)	2004-05	625.00
21	Namdhapa (Arunachal Predesh)	1982-83	1807.82
22	Nagarhole (Karnatka)	2008-09	643.35
23	Nagarjun  Sagar (Andhra Predesh)	1982-83	2527.00
24	Nameri (Tejpur-Asam)	1985	200.00
25	Pakhui ,Pakke (Arunachal Predesh)	1999-2000	683.45
26	Plamu/Bedhla (Jharkhand)	1973-74	414.08
27	Panna (MP)	1994-95	576.14
28	Prambikulam (kerala)	2008-09	390.89
29	Pench (Maharashtra)	1992-93	411.33
30	Periyar (Kerala)	1978-79	881.00
31	Ranthombhor	1973-74	1113.36
32	Sanjay Dubri (MP)	2008-09	831.25
33	Sariska (Rajasthan)	1978-79	681.11
34	Simlipal (Odissa)	1973-74	1194.74
35	Sathyamanglam(Tamilnadu)	2008-09	1411.6
36	Satpura- Bori (MP)	1999-2000	1339.26
37	Sahyari/Chandoli (Maharashtra)	2007	317.67
38	Sunderban (WB)	1973-74	1699.62
39	Tadoba –Andhrai (Maharashtra)	1993-94	625.82
40	Valmiki	1989-90	840.00

2        ⏩  Project Elephant:- 

This project  was started by Govt. of India in Feb. 1992 for the conservation of elephants. The main motto of the project were:-

a)      To conserve the elephants and maintain the current number of elephants in their natural habitat.

b)      To provide conservation to their habitat and corridors.

c)       To prevent the killing of elephants.

d)      To prevent the interaction of huans and elephants.

e)      To take care the elephants that are kept as pet.

f)       The State-wise details of funds which have been released under this project  are given below:

(Rs in Lakhs) S.No. State 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07* 1 Andhra Pradesh 50.00 55.00 48.00 60.00 40.00 2 Arunachal Pradesh 52.00 61.00 59.00 71.50 45.00 3 Assam 116.00 134.100 130.00 40.00 120.00 4 Jharkhand 45.00 93.00 105.96 75.00 90.00 5 Karnataka 93.00 149.660 186.22 168.00 110.00 6 Kerala 111.88 188.280 167.40 170.00 100.00 7 Meghalaya 41.00 64.00 70.00 30.00 - 8 Nagaland 49.00 42.00 29.00 48.00 20.00 9 Orissa 108.39 116.100 137.96 114.00 100.00 10 Tamil Nadu 71.26 117.00 84.00 112.00 80.00 11 Uttranchal 107.00 129.00 138.90 82.00 71.86 12 West Bengal 86.47 119.950 148.54 181.00 120.00 13 Tripura 3.00 16.00 17.00 0.00 - 14 Mizorum 5.00 - 0.00 0.00 - 15 Uttar Pradesh - - 12.00 0.00 40.00 TOTAL 939.00 1285.09 1333.98 1151.50 975.00** * The sum indicates the funds released till August 2007 ** This includes Rs. 40.56 (lakhs) released to Maharashtra

There are only 17 states in which elephants exist in the wild state. Project Elephant has declared 24 elephant reserves in 12 states to protect elephant populations in the wild and develop their habitat. It was launched in the year 1991-92.  Seventeen states of India, namely i) Assam ii) Arunachal Pradesh  iii) Bihar iv) Andhra Pradesh v) Karnataka vi) Kerala vi) Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

3        ⏩  Rhinoceros Project:- 

Indian Rhino is single horned rhino. In India mostly Rhinos are found in Asam . In 20^th century rhinos were considered as endangered species. Govt. of India launched many projects for the conseration of rhinos by virtue of which , today 1800+ rhinos are only in Asam.  In Asam mostly rhinos are found in Kaziranga national park, Dibru servova and Manas Tiger Reserve. Some rhions are found in Sundervan Biosphere Reserve in West Bengal.

The aims the Project Rhino are:

a)                a)    To increase the number of rhinos in genetically viable populations in the wild

b)       To enhance the integrity of ecosystems

c)       To ensure that local communities benefit from conservation activities