Preamble of Indian Constitution 

The preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief introduction of our constitution that sets out the guiding purpose, principles and philosophy of the constitution. Preamble gives idea about the following : (1) the source of the constitution, (2) nature of Indian state (3) a statement of its objectives and (4) the date of its adoption.

"WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation."

The Main Points of About India Are:-


1. Sovereign - India is internally and externally sovereign

2.Socialist - “Socialism” as an economic philosophy where means of production and distribution are owned by the State

3. Secular - Features of secularism as envisaged in the Preamble is to mean that the state will have
no religion of its own and all persons will be equally entitled to the freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate the religion of their choice.

4. Democratic- Indicates that the Constitution has established a form of Government which gets
its authority from the will of the people

Preamble of Indian Constitution

 

The preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief introduction of our constitution that sets out the guiding purpose, principles and philosophy of the constitution. Preamble gives idea about the following : (1) the source of the constitution, (2) nature of Indian state (3) a statement of its objectives and (4) the date of its adoption.

"WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation."

The Main Points of About India Are:-


1. Sovereign - India is internally and externally sovereign

2.Socialist - “Socialism” as an economic philosophy where means of production and distribution are owned by the State

3. Secular - Features of secularism as envisaged in the Preamble is to mean that the state will have
no religion of its own and all persons will be equally entitled to the freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate the religion of their choice.

4. Democratic- Indicates that the Constitution has established a form of Government which gets
its authority from the will of the people

Indian Union Executive

 Indian Union Executive

The union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India.Indian Union Executive is known to be a body, which is responsible for the implementation of laws. It is important to note that all the executive powers have to be exercised in accordance with the Constitution of India. Parliamentary form of government exists both at the Union and State levels in India. At the head of the Union is the President. He is the chief executive. It has been stated in Article 53 (1) of the Constitution of India that "The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the constitution." This implies that the President is the head of the Government. Article 74 (1) states that "There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions." Thus, there is a Union Council of Ministers to aid and advice the President. Indian Union Executive consists of the President, the Vice-President and the Council of Ministers, with the Prime Minister as the head to aid and advice the President. It is important to note that the President is known to be the nominal executive, and the Prime Minister is the real executive.

President of India

Executive power of the Union is vested in the President and is exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinates to him, in accordance with the Constitution of India. The President is also the supreme commander of defense forces of the Indian Union. The President summons, prorogues, addresses and sends messages to the Parliament, dissolves the Lok Sabha, promulgates Ordinances at any time (except when both the Houses of Parliament are in session), makes recommendations for introducing financial and money bills and gives assent to bills, grants pardons, reprieves or reduces punishment and remits or commutes sentences in certain cases.

Vice President of India

Vice President of India ranks second in terms of executive authority. He is also elected both by the members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The system of election that is followed in the election of Vice President is that of proportional representation through the means of a single transferable vote. He is also elected for a term of 5 years. Vice-President of India also serves as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. In the absence of the President, it is the duty of the Vice President to carry out his functions. Acting as the ambassador of the country is also one of the functions of the Vice President of India.

Council of Ministers

Council of Ministers forms an important organ of the Indian Union Executive. The Council of Ministers is headed by the Prime Minister. It is the prime duty of the Council of Ministers to advise the President in exercise of his functions. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who also appoints other ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Council is collectively liable to the Lok Sabha. It is the duty of the Prime Minister to communicate to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to administrative affairs of the Union, proposals for legislation and information relating to them. The Council of Ministers comprises Ministers who are members of Cabinet, Ministers of State (independent charge) and Deputy Ministers.

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UPSC Civil Services Exam (Mains) 2017 General Studies 2 (GS 2) Question Paper

 UPSC Civil Services Exam (Mains) 2017 General Studies 2 Question Paper:-

Instructions

• Maximum Marks: 250. Time Allowed: Three Hours
• There are TWENTY questions printed both in HINDI and in ENGLISH.
• All questions are compulsory.
• Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QUA) Booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Answers to questions no. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to questions no. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words.
• Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet mast clearly struck off.

UPSC CSE Mains 2017 General Studies 2 (GS 2) Question Paper

1. “The local self-government system in India has not proved to be an effective instrument of governance”. Critically examine the statement and give your views to improve the situation.  (150 words)
2. Critically examine the Supreme Court’s judgement on ‘National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014’ with reference to the appointment of judges of higher judiciary in India.  (150 words)
3. ‘Simultaneous election to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will limit the amount of time and money spent in electioneering but it will reduce the government’s accountability to the people’ Discuss.  (150 words)
4. How do pressure groups influence Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years?  (150 words)
5. Discuss the role of Public Accounts Committee in establishing accountability of the government to the people.  (150 words)
6. ‘To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation and hygiene needs, the identification of beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated outcomes’ Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme.  (150 words)
7. Does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 ensure an effective mechanism for empowerment and inclusion of the intended beneficiaries in the society? Discuss  (150 words)
8. Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement.  (150 words)
9. ‘China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour.  (150 words)
10. What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it.  (150 words)
11. Explain the salient features of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016. Do you think it is efficacious enough ‘to remove cascading effect of taxes and provide for a common national market for goods and services’? (250 words)
12. Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy. (250 words)
13. The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding a joint session of the two houses of the Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reasons thereof. (250 words)
14. To enhance the quality of democracy in India the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful? (250 words)
15. Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face at both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer. (250 words)
16. ‘The emergence of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the state from developmental activities’. Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to promote the SHGs. (250 words)
17. ‘Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India remain mere show pieces until and unless they are backed by political will’. Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty alleviation programmes in India. (250 words)
18. Initially, Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality and effectiveness, which seems to be lacking in the present context. Do you agree with the view that drastic reforms are required in Civil Services? Comment (250 words)
19. The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian Countries. (250 words)
20. Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian Diaspora in South- East Asia in this context (250 words)