Land Revenue System In British India
Istamarari(Sthayi) Bandhobast/ Permanent Settlement
→ This system was introduced in Bengal, Bihar, Odissa, some districts of Banaras and
Northern districts of Madras by Lord Cornvallis in 1793.
→ This was planned by John shore.
→ According to this system zamindars will be the owners of the land. They could keep 1/11th of
the revenue collected by them while the British got a fixed share of 10/11th of the
revenue collected.
→ Assured of their ownership many zamindars tyed n towns and exloited their tenants.
Ryotwari System
→ This system was introduced in Bombay and Madras by Munro and Charles Reed .
→ In this syste a direct settlement was made between the government and the ryot (cultivators ).
→ There was a fixed agreement for a period not more than 30 years, on the basis of the soil and
the crop. Based on the scientific rent theory of Ricardo.
→The position of the farmer was secure but this system insisted them into the cultches
of money lenders
→ Besides the government became the zamindars and retained the right to inhence the revenue
at their will and the farmers left on the mercy of its officers.
Mahaiwari System
→ It was the modified form of zamindari settlement introduced in Ganges Valley ,NWFT, parts
of Central India and Punjab.
→ Revenue system was made by the village or the estate with landlords. In western Uttar Pradesh ,
a settlement was made with the village communities which maintained a form of
common ownership known as Bhaichare, or with Mahals which were groups of villages.
→ There was periodic revision in the revenue.
Impects of Land Revenue System
→ The land settlement introduced market econoy and did away with customary rights. Cash
payment of revenue increased money lending .
→ Created social differences . Only rich had access to the courts to defend their property.
→ Roecible growing of commercial crop led the farers to buy food grains at high prices and
sell crops at low prices.
→ Due this stability of Indian villages was shaken and entire set of the society began to break up.
Istamarari(Sthayi) Bandhobast/ Permanent Settlement
→ This system was introduced in Bengal, Bihar, Odissa, some districts of Banaras and
Northern districts of Madras by Lord Cornvallis in 1793.
→ This was planned by John shore.
→ According to this system zamindars will be the owners of the land. They could keep 1/11th of
the revenue collected by them while the British got a fixed share of 10/11th of the
revenue collected.
→ Assured of their ownership many zamindars tyed n towns and exloited their tenants.
Ryotwari System
→ This system was introduced in Bombay and Madras by Munro and Charles Reed .
→ In this syste a direct settlement was made between the government and the ryot (cultivators ).
→ There was a fixed agreement for a period not more than 30 years, on the basis of the soil and
the crop. Based on the scientific rent theory of Ricardo.
→The position of the farmer was secure but this system insisted them into the cultches
of money lenders
→ Besides the government became the zamindars and retained the right to inhence the revenue
at their will and the farmers left on the mercy of its officers.
Mahaiwari System
→ It was the modified form of zamindari settlement introduced in Ganges Valley ,NWFT, parts
of Central India and Punjab.
→ Revenue system was made by the village or the estate with landlords. In western Uttar Pradesh ,
a settlement was made with the village communities which maintained a form of
common ownership known as Bhaichare, or with Mahals which were groups of villages.
→ There was periodic revision in the revenue.
Impects of Land Revenue System
→ The land settlement introduced market econoy and did away with customary rights. Cash
payment of revenue increased money lending .
→ Created social differences . Only rich had access to the courts to defend their property.
→ Roecible growing of commercial crop led the farers to buy food grains at high prices and
sell crops at low prices.
→ Due this stability of Indian villages was shaken and entire set of the society began to break up.